Justification
This recently recognized species is undergoing a continuing rapid decline owing to widespread reduction in forest cover within its range, and is now assumed to have a small population that is becoming increasingly severely fragmented. It therefore qualifies as Vulnerable.

Threats
Habitat destruction and intensive hunting are the main threats. Forest clearance within its altitudinal range has been extensive. Just 29% of Mindanao remained forested in 1988 (now considered a considerable overestimate), with most lowland forest leased to logging concessions and mining applications. Forest at Bislig is being cleared as part of a concession, and re-planted with exotic tree species for paper production. Almost all forest below 1,200 m has been felled at Mt Kitanglad. On Basilan, logging operations in the 1960s, followed by clearance for agriculture and increased hunting, have undoubtedly affected the species.

Conservation
There are recent records from one protected area, Mt Kitanglad Natural Park, and older records derive from areas now within the Mt Apo Natural Park, Mt Malindang National Park, Mt Matutum Forest Reserve (proposed as a national park) and Mt Hilong-hilong Watershed Reserve. Basilan is ostensibly a national park, but lacks effective protection.

Targets
*Conduct fieldwork to assess abundance, elevational range and habitat requirements at key sites. *Carry out surveys to assess whether the species is (still) present in poorly surveyed areas of Mindanao (e.g. Mts Hilong-hilong, Matutum, Mayo and Three Kings). *Ensure the effective protection of remaining forest at (possible) key sites.